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KETAMINE: AN ANESTHETIC TURNED DANGEROUS DRUG

A MEDICINE is meant to cure or alleviate a specific pain or disease.  Any medicine, whether injected, externally applied or orally taken, is carefully studied by drug experts before they are distributed to the public.  But while medicines are intended to relieve a patient's condition, it can result in death if misused.

Medicines are categorized not only according to use but also whether they are hazardous to one's health or not.

This now becomes the major concern of the Dangerous Drugs Board ( DDB ).

In the Philippines, the sale of a few drugs like Bextra, Alfentanil, and Dihydrocodeine has been prohibited in the country due adverse side effects that a patient may suffer after excessive intake.  And just recently, another drug was added in the record.

DDB discovered that ketamine, an anesthetic, is fast becoming an abused drug in the country today.

According to Dr.  Rommel Garcia, DDB deputy director for administration, ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic used primarily in operative procedures.  It is injected in the vein in order to produce analgesia that serves as pain reliever.

Ketamine is also used by anesthesiologists for internal fixation of bone fractures and in dressing and cleaning of wounds.  In some cases, it is also used by veterinarians on animals.

Garcia said a 30-ml ketamine vial should be given only once in the whole operating process.  Beyond a single dosage, the patient will eventually suffer several side effects like hallucination, having undesirable dreams, disturbance in perception, increase in blood and intra-cranial pressure, a decrease in respiratory rate and even death if not controlled.

Considering the aid and relief that patients get from ketamine, no wonder it is among the most reliable anesthetic most doctors trust.  However, since there are reports that ketamine is being abused, the technical working group on classification and reclassification of drugs spearheaded by Garcia urged the DDB to include ketamine in the dangerous drugs list.

The proposal was approved by the DDB board and shall be effective 15 days from publication.

"Ketamine is not prohibited before, until we discovered that is it now being abused by many.  In fact, in December 2003, we confiscated 7,000 ketamine vials and 1kg ketamine powder.  And last March, ketamine drugs amounting to US$3 million were seized in a hotel in Malate," Garcia added.

Alarmed by the growing ketamine abuse, the group of drug specialists working under DDB conducted studies, a series of meetings and public hearings until they came up with a consensus that ketamine ha to be added in the list of dangerous pharmaceutical products.

The public hearings were attended by professional groups like the Philippine Medical Association ( PMA ), Drugstores Association of the Philippines ( DAP ), Philippine Association of Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Industry ( Pappi ), and even the academe or the Association of the Deans of Colleges of Pharmacy.

The inclusion of the anesthetic in the dangerous drugs list doesn't mean that the sale of ketamine is banned in the country.  People can still purchase the anesthetic provided that they present a valid prescription from licensed physicians.

Garcia said a certain medicine is only considered dangerous if it is intended for abuse.

Ketamine stocks in the country are being imported from India where they are said to be cheapest.  Sold at about P300 per vial, only medical practitioners are authorized to use ketamine in the surgical operations.